Nobel are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel’s will of 1895, are awarded to “those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.”  Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901. Since 1901, the Nobel Prizes have been presented to new laureates at ceremonies on 10 December, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.

Every year in October, committees in Sweden and Norway award six Nobel Prizes, each recognizing a groundbreaking contribution by an individual or organization in a specific field. Prizes are given for physiology or medicine, physics, chemistry, economic science, literature and peace work.

Some Interesting Facts:

  • The Curie family won a total of 5 Nobel Prizes.
  • Among the recipients, 12 are Indians (five Indian citizens and seven of Indian ancestry or residency). Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian citizen to be awarded and also first Asian to be awarded in 1913.
  • 1913- Sri. Rabindranath Tagore, 1930- Sri Chandrasekhar Venkat,1979- Mother Teresa,
  • 1998- Sri Amartya Sen, 2014- Sri Kailash Satyarthi from India won the Nobel prize.
  • Marie Sokolowski Curie, a Polish-French physicist and chemist, was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the only woman to receive two Nobel prizes. While studying uranium’s rays, she discovered new elements and named them polonium and radium.
  • In October 2014, Malala, along with Indian children’s rights activist Kailash Satyarthi, was named a Nobel Peace Prize winner. At age 17, she became the youngest person to receive this prize. Accepting the award, Malala reaffirmed that “This award is not just for me.
  • The first Asian recipient, Rabindranath Tagore, was awarded the Literature Prize in 1913. In 1930, C. V. Raman became the first Asian recipient of a Nobel Prize in one of the sciences.
  • While most consider the Nobel Prize a major honor, two winners have voluntarily declined the award. Jean-Paul Sartre, who refused all official awards, did not accept the 1964 literature prize. In 1974 he was joined by Le Duc Tho, who, with Henry Kissinger, shared the peace prize for their work to end the Vietnam War.
  • Nobel prize for child labour
  • He brought child labor and slavery into the post-2015 development agenda for the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. Satyarthi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 “for the struggle against the suppression of children and young people and the right of all children to education”.

Receiving Nobel prize after death:

The only posthumous Nobel Peace Prize was given in 1961 to the youngest United Nations Secretary-General, Dag Hammarskjöld. In 1996, economist William Vickrey died before the presentation ceremony while Ralph Steinman was given 2011 Medicine Nobel posthumously as the Committee wasn’t aware of his death.

Source : https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize-Winners-by-Year-1856946